The Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA-CSIC) hosted yesterday a round table with the heads of three of the largest astronomical infrastructures on Earth: the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO). The nature of these facilities, which will open new windows on the cosmos in gamma-ray, optical and near-infrared and radio astronomy, involves major international collaboration and faces unprecedented technological challenges